COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND ORGANIZATION -BASIC COMPUTER STRUCTURE

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  COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND ORGANIZATION

-BASIC COMPUTER STRUCTURE




Computer Architecture and Organization- Basic Computer Structure
Understanding Computer structure is defined as the ways in which each component that composes a computer are interrelated, components are arranged with bus flows that flow data, tools and control between these components.

Computer structure consists of:A computer system consists of five basic structural units, namely:

  1. Input Unit
  2. Control Unit
  3. Logic and arithmetic units (Arithmetic & Logical Unit / ALU)
  4. Memory/Storage Unit
  5. Output unit

The Main Functions of each Unit will be described as follows:

Input Unit

It serves to receive input (input) then read it and pass it to Memory/storage. In this connection, the term input device is known, namely the receiving device and the input reader and the input media, namely the intermediary.

Here are some input unit example tools:

  1. Keyboard
  2. Mouse
  3. DVD/CD ROM/RW

Control Unit

Serves to carry out the task of supervision and control of the entire computer system. It functions like a computer household organizer, deciding the order of operations for the entire system, generating and controlling control signals to adjust the operations and data flow of the address bus and data bus, as well as controlling and interpreting control signals on the control bus of the computer system.

The Control Unit is also in charge of managing and controlling all equipment on the computer system. The control unit sets when the input device receives data and when it is processed and when it is displayed on the output tool. The Control Unit interprets the instructions of a computer program, bringing data from the input device to the main memory, taking data from the main memory for processing. When there are instructions for arithmetic calculations or logical comparisons, the control unit sends those instructions to the arithmetic and logic units. The results of this data processing are taken by the control unit to the main memory again for storage.
So the duties of the control unit are:

  1. Setting and controlling input and output tools
  2. Retrieving instructions from main memory
  3. Retrieves data from main memory if needed by the process
  4. Sends instructions to arithmetic and logic units when arithmetic calculations or logical comparisons and supervises arithmetic and logic work
  5. Save the process results to the main memory

Logic & Arithmetical Unit (Arithmetical & Logical Unit)

ALU is a core part of a computer system. Arithmetic And Logic Unit (ALU) The main task of the ALU is to perform all arithmetic or mathematical calculations that occur according to the instructions of the program. ALU performs arithmetic operations on the basis of accretion, while other arithmetic operations such as subtraction, multiplication and division are performed on the basis of addition. So that the electronic circuit in the ALU used to carry out this arithmetic operation is called an adder. 

Another task of the ALU is to carry out decisions from logical operations according to the instructions of the program. Logical operations include the comparison of two logic elements using logical operators, namely =, <>, <, >, <+, >=. The ALU is also often called the language machine because the ALU consists of two parts, namely the arithmetic unit and the boolean logic unit, each of which has its own task specification.

Memory / Storage unit

Serves to hold data/programs received from the input unit before being processed by the CPU and also receives data after being processed by the CPU which is then forwarded to the output unit. In a computer system there are two kinds of memory, the naming of which depends on whether the tool can only read or can read and write to it. The part of memory that can only read without being able to write to it is called ROM (Read Only Memory), while the part of memory that can carry out reading and writing is called RAM (Random Access Memory). 

Output Unit 

Serves to receive the results of data processing from the CPU through memory. As well as in the input unit, the output unit is also known as the output equipment (Output device) and output media (Output media).

Here is an example of an Output tool:

  1. Monitor
  2. Speakers
  3. Printer

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